Roussillon 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-09-27

I.Population and Area

Region:  Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Department:  Vaucluse

Code Insee :  84102  

Code postal : 84220

Total Area:   29.77km²

Population in 2017:  1 305

Population Density:  44 /km²

Details: The altitude of the city hall of Roussillon is approximately 320 meters. Its surface area is 29.77 km². The latitude and longitude are 43.904 degrees North and 5.293 degrees East. The towns and villages close to Roussillon are: Joucas (84220) at 4.11 km, Lioux (84220) at 4.94 km, Gargas (84400) at 5.38 km, Goult (84220) at 5.89 km, Saint-Pantaléon (84220) at 6.54 km .

Histogram of demographic change

Sources :http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/84102_Roussillon.html     

II.Natural Geography

Geographical environment: The village stands on an ochre ridge, situated in a broad valley with the "Monts du Vaucluse" to the north and the "Petit" Luberon to the south. The river Calavon forms part of the commune's southern border. Roussillon is famous for the rich deposits of ochre pigments found in the clay near the village. The large quarries of Roussillon were mined from the end of the 18th century until 1930. Thousands of people found work in the quarries and factories. Nowadays the mining of ochre is prohibited here, in order to protect the sites from degradation or even complete destruction.  

Climat: The Roussillon lies on 299m above sea level The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. In winter, there is much more rainfall in Roussillon than in summer. This climate is considered to be Csb according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average temperature in Roussillon is 12.2 °C( 53.9 °F). Precipitation here is about 712 mm (28.0 inch) per year. The Roussillon lies on 299m above sea level The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. In winter, there is much more rainfall in Roussillon than in summer. This climate is considered to be Csb according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average temperature in Roussillon is 12.2 °C ( 53.9 °F). Precipitation here is about 712 mm ( 28.0 inch) per year. At an average temperature of 21.0 °C (69.8 °F), July is the hottest month of the year. In January, the average temperature is 3.9 °C ( 39.0 °F). It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

Transport:

   (1) Train: Roussillon is 47 km / 29 miles east of Avignon, 25 km / 15.5 miles north-east of Cavaillon and 10 km / 6 miles north-west of Apt. It's right in the middle of a small pocket of six Most Beautiful Villages of France, the other five being Ansouis, Lourmarin, Ménerbes, Gordes and Venasque. If you were short of time, you could drive this entire circuit in under two hours. Howerver, if you want to take public tranportation, Roussillon is not easy to get to by public transport, ‘ike most villages in Provence. The nearest train station is in Cavaillon, 27 km / 17 miles to the south-west. A bus serves Roussillon from Apt and Cavaillon. The nearest TGV station is in Avignon.  

   (2) Airports: the nearest aiport is Marseille Airport (MRS), 49.8 miles(about 80km). To get to Roussilon from Marseille Airport, you should drive about 1hour and 4 minutes.

 Sources : https://en.climate-data.org/europe/france/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/roussillon-99075/

https://www.marvellous-provence.com/other-places/villages/roussillon  

https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Marseille-Airport-MRS/Roussillon-Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te-d-Azur-France

III.Economy

Roussillon Accounting income in 2018 was 322 770 €, or 242 € per inhabitants.

Self-financing capacity in 2018 was 322 770 €, or 242 € per inhabitants.

Income: According to Insee, in 2014, the inhabitants of Roussillon earn on average € 2 238 net per month, or € 26 856  net per year.

Unemployment rate: In 2016, its unemployment rate was 12.3%, which was higher than the French average of 11%.

Companies: In 2017, the total number of companies in Roussillon was 207, and there were 22 new companies.

Evolution of average monthly net wages

 Sources :   http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/roussillon/ville-84102/budget    

http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/roussillon/ville-84102     

http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/roussillon/ville-84102/emploi

http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/roussillon/ville-84102/entreprises

IV.Industrial Characterisitics

The main industries of Roussillon are mining ochre, agriculture, and tourism. The area's famous vein of natural ocher, which spreads some 25 kilometers (16 miles) along the foot of the Vaucluse plateau, has been mined for centuries, beginning with the ancient Romans, who used it for their pottery. From the 1980s, tourism has replaced ochre industry as a source of income.

Mining ochre: Because during the 18th century the demand rose for pigments to be used in the textile industry, the mining of ochres in Roussillon intensified. Numerous quarries and ochre factories, some of which can still be seen today, were situated near the village.During the 20th century, mining techniques were modernized, which meant that more profitable ochre mines became exploitable. This resulted in a gradual closing-down of ochre mines in and around Roussillon. One example of an ochre factory, the "Usine Mathieu", is named for the family that owned it from 1870 to 1901. It has been formed into a "Conservatoire": a workshop serving as a museum.

Agriculture: Apart from tourism, agriculture is the commune's principal activity. Fruit, including cherries, peaches and melons are grown. Much of this is used in crystallized fruit production in nearby Apt. Wine-making is very important and there are several wineries producing red, rosé, and white wines within the Ventoux AOC.

Tourism: Listed as one of the Most Beautiful Villages of France, Roussillon is also the ochre village par excellence. All its well-kept houses are of the ochre colour. The central square is magnificent, decorated with flowers and lined with restaurants. This village also offers a beautiful view of the peaks in the fairies' valley (Val des Fées) and the giant's causeway (Chaussée des Géants).

Sources: https://www.france-voyage.com/tourism/roussillon-802.htm

V.Attractions

1.Ocher trail (Le Sentier des Ocres)

The main and most-visited attraction in Roussillon itself is the Sentier des Ocres, or Ochre Trail, a short and easy hiking trail through a former ochre quarry and the surrounding woods. It's sometimes also referred to as the Chaussée des Géants, or Giants' Causeway. This is a trail which has been laid out in the former open-pit ochre quarries, where the cliffs are streaked with red and gold.

The route, which starts near the centre of the village, is indicated with rather small and easy-to-miss footpath signs. Two circuits picked out by coloured markers, are proposed: a shorter, yellow one which takes 35 minutes and a longer, red one of 50 minutes. Both run in a loop and could be comfortably completed in less than the "official" time by most walkers. But they do involve a number of steps and - apart from a short stretch with ramps right at the beginning of the circuit - are unsuitable for wheel- or push-chairs. You should keep to the path and respect the environment by resisting the temptation to collect some earth as a souvenir.

At intervals along the way, panels in French and English provide some basic information about the history of ochre production as well as the local geology, flora and fauna. Roussillon's sandy soil is acidic, unlike the alkaline limestone in most of Provence, and so its vegetation is quite distinctive. You'll spot green and white oaks, chestnut and white poplar trees as well as pines and possibly also heather and fern and even wild orchids. Keep an eye out too for animals (badgers, foxes and deer have been seen on the trail).

This said, the Sentier des Ochres attracts a thousand-plus visitors a day in the main season, and your main wildlife sightings in summer are likely to be of other tourists. In spring, though, the trail can be just as imposing and entirely deserted, as on our visit in early April - and it's beautiful even in overcast weather. Go early - or late - to avoid the crowds and heat, and bring some water. It's generally felt that the colours are at their most intense at sunset. Do beware on days of high wind, when dust swirls around, and if it's raining, when the path can be slippery (the site may be closed in very wet weather). Note, too, that the Ochre Trail shuts down for about six weeks in January and early February: check the Roussillon Tourist Office website for the exact dates and opening times, which vary over the year.

Address: sentier des ocres, 84220 Roussillon, France

Official site: https://www.jardinexotique-eze.fr/en/informations/

Source: https://www.marvellous-provence.com/other-places/villages/roussillon  

2.The Conservatory of Ochre（Conservatoire des ocres）

In a pine forest in Roussillon, the Conservatory of Ochre and Applied Pigments perpetuates the ochre tradition. Here, the buildings of the old Mathieu factory have been restored and the visitor can go through the different steps in the processing of the raw material: the washing process to eliminate the sand by way of stone pipes, the drying of the purified ochre in settling tanks, cutting the ochre into bricks to be fired in a kiln (depending on the firing, the ochre takes on different tones) and finally the grinding, filtering and packaging of the pure ochre. The Conservatory, a veritable treasure trove for colour and dye enthusiasts, does not just content itself with preserving the tools: it is also a centre for the passing down of the know-how. Throughout the year, artists, craftspeople and the general public can learn the different types of techniques that use pigments.

The Jardin des Teinturiers (Dyers' Garden) at the old Mathieu factory, today the Ochre Conservatory,  lets the visitor learn about plant dyes, of which the Vaucluse was a big producer. The buildings regularly host conferences, which, through rental of the space, can also be initiated by other organisations linked to the subject of colours.  

Through the Ochre Conservatory you can also visit the old quarries, the village of Roussillon and other ochre villages and sites in the Apt region. Several guided theme tours are offered by appointment.  

From year to year, the Ochre Conservatory explores the themes of the applications used in colour and dyes, which enriches all its activities together. These colour networks increase your opportunities to discover more and visits are possible for each of the following themes: whitewashing and mural techniques, fabricated or decorated paper, painted or tinted wood, textile dyes and the Jardins des Teinturiers™, make-up for skin and the tanning of leather, the pigments, heat and ceramic techniques, dyes to drink and eat...  

The Ochre Conservatory offers courses with the themes: metal colour, walls, paper and ink, colour on wood, skin painting workshops, theory of colour, custom-organised workshops.  

Address: okhra - Usine Mathieu - 84220 Roussillon, France

Website：http://okhra.com/

Source: https://www.avignon-et-provence.com/en/museum/ochre-conservatory     

3.Mathieu Ochre Factory (Usine d'ocre Mathieu)  

It is here that the knowledge and know-how related to colour are gathered: a bookshop with 3,000 books, pigments from all origins, personalized advice, visits and animations, training, customized days for groups and individuals. Here is the discovery of an old ochre factory, with no secrets for the guides, who will be happy to explain everything to you. The manufacture and use of ochre is one of the heritage of the region and of this village in particular. You can also follow courses and make animations around the color for those most interested. As a family, as a group, or whoever you are accompanying, come and discover the passion of ochre and history in a picturesque and warm place. Use, touch the ochres in this atypical and unique place. To discover absolutely.

Address: Usine d'ocre Mathieu, 84220 Roussillon, France

Source: https://uk.luberoncoeurdeprovence.com/page/usine-d-ocre-mathieu---en+50316.html       

4.Roussillon church (église de Roussillon (Vaucluse) )

The church is located at the top of the village inside the fortifications. The Saint-Michel church has a beautiful facade of the seventeenth century and adjoins a cliff from which there is a magnificent 360°panorama, with orientation table. The baptismal font, framed by a stone canopy, are classified as objects by the French Ministry of Culture.

At the end of the 11th century, and during the first half of the 12th century, the village church was rebuilt in freestone. It is dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel, patron saint of the town.The facade as we know it today dates from the 17th century. The Roussillonnais sculptor, Alexis POITEVIN, created numerous works of art in 1791, including Baptismal Fonts which are now listed, Christ on the Cross and the Chapel of Saint Michael.

Address: Village haut, Roussillon, 84220 Gordes, France

Source: http://www.roussillon-en-provence.fr/eglise.html   

5.Luberon Natural Regional Park

Roussillon, a Provençal village located in the Luberon regional park, is listed as one of the most beautiful in France, and with good reason. The Luberon Regional Nature Park, created in 1977, was integrated into the network of Biosphere Reserves. Relations have developed between the actors of this territory and those on the northeast side of the southern slope of the Montagne de Lure (1,826 m), a continuous area with many common characteristics and in particular a strong biological and cultural interest.

The Luberon Biosphere Reserve, it became clear that collaboration could be expanded and diversified within the framework of an expanded Biosphere Reserve, an approach that was approved by UNESCO in June 2010.

At the end of the 11th century, and during the first half of the 12th century, the village church was rebuilt in freestone. It is dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel, patron saint of the town.The facade as we know it today dates from the 17th century. The Roussillonnais sculptor, Alexis POITEVIN, created numerous works of art in 1791, including Baptismal Fonts which are now listed, Christ on the Cross and the Chapel of Saint Michael.

Source: https://www.tourism-alps-provence.com/luberon-natural-regional-park/  

VI.History

Its name is formed with the suffix -one on the Latin personal name Ruscilius (or Roscilius), possibly Rusticelius, and designates a Gallo-Roman domain bearing the name of its founder.

In the 12th century, the Saint-André abbey in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon owned the Sainte-Croix church there, and received its income. Charles IX passed through the village during his royal tour of France (1564-1566), accompanied by the Court and the Great of the kingdom: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.

In the 18th century, with the increase in iron needs but also the diversification and modernization of textile processing techniques (looms) and the need for dyeing, the exploitation of ocher in Roussillon intensified. Numerous quarries, some of which are still visible, surround the town, but also old ocher factories (such as the old Mathieu factory now converted into a Conservatory) 5.6. These quarries and factories were scattered over several municipalities. In addition to Roussillon, we can note Villars, Gargas, Rustrel (and its Provençal Colorado) and Gignac.

In 1720, the village was hit by the plague of Marseille. Father Avon devoted himself to the people who did him honor by naming a place after his name: Place de l'Abbé-Avon.

In the twentieth century, modern means of extraction and the discovery of more profitable deposits gradually closed all mines. In the early 1980s, tourism replaced this mining industry.

VII.Other information

Roussillon is, after Gordes, the second most visited village in the Luberon and has the label of Most beautiful village in France.

Sources : http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/eze/ville-06059

VIII.Contact information

Address of Roussillon town hall:

Mairie de Roussillon

Place de la Mairie

84220 Roussillon

Phone number:  04 90 05 60 16   

Fax:  04 90 05 73 34

Email: accueil@roussillon-en-provence.fr  

Website: http://www.roussillon-en-provence.fr               

Mayor :  Gisèle Bonnelly (Mandat : 2014-2020)

Sources :http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/84102_Roussillon.html#mairie