Colombes 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-09-27
I.Population and Area
Region: Île-de-France
Department: Hauts-de-Seine
Code Insee : 92025
Code postal : 92700
Total Area: 7.81km²
Population in 2017: 85 177
Population Density: 10 906 /km²
Details: The altitude of the city hall of Colombes is approximately 30 meters. Its surface area is 7.81 km². The latitude and longitude are 48.923 degrees North and 2.252 degrees East. The towns and villages close to Colombes are: Bois-Colombes (92270) at 1.40 km, La Garenne-Colombes (92250) at 1.51 km, Asnières-sur-Seine (92600) at 2.40 km, Courbevoie (92400) at 2.57 km, Bezons (95870) at 3.33 km.
Histogram of demographic change
Sources : http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/92025_Colombes.html
II.Natural Geography
Geographical environment: Colombes is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.6 km (6.6 mi) from the centre of Paris. In 2012, Colombes was the 53rd largest city in France.
Climat: The Colombes lies on 41m above sea level The climate is warm and temperate in Colombes. There is significant rainfall throughout the year in Colombes. Even the driest month still has a lot of rainfall. The average annual temperature is 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) in Colombes. About 631 mm (24.8 inch) of precipitation falls annually. The driest month is April, with 43 mm (1.7 inch) of rainfall. Most precipitation falls in November, with an average of 58 mm (2.3 inch). The warmest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 19.1 °C (66.4 °F). In January, the average temperature is 3.4 °C (38.1 °F). It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.
Transport: With four SNCF stations, thirteen RATP bus lines, and the development of the Tramway (Lines T2 and T1), the city benefits from a considerable offer in terms of public transport.
(1) Tram: The T2 tram line continued to extend north to Bezons with 7 new stations, including 3 in Colombes, for a total length of 4.2 km. The city has been welcoming T2 since 19 November 2012 and thus provides a clean and fast means of transport: ten minutes are enough to reach La Défense. T2 in Colombes is an efficient solution to facilitate your travel between Paris, Hauts-de-Seine and Val-d'Oise and to serve the municipalities of the North of Hauts-de-Seine between them.
(2) Train: Colombes can be accessed via four SNCF railway stations on the Transilien Paris-Saint Lazare suburban rail line. They are: The Train station of Colombes, The Train station of Stade, Train station of Vallées, Train station of La Garenne-Colombes.
The Train station of Colombes located on rue Saint-Denis, benefited in 2009 from modernization works, to which were added operations to develop public spaces on its forecourt. Today the station is a true multimodal hub where gentle modes of traffic - walking, cycling - are brought up to the same level as public transport. The station is open from 6.30am to 1am every day, the platforms from 4.40am to 1.30am.
The Train station of Stade located avenue Ménelotte, welcomes an average of more than 5,500 travelers every day.This station has recently been made accessible, allowing people with reduced mobility to access the station platforms thanks to the lifts . Major redevelopment work has also been undertaken with, in particular, more space given to pedestrian paths. The station is open from 6.35 a.m. to 1 a.m. every day, the platforms from 4.40 a.m. to 1.30 a.m.
The train station of the Valleys located in the district of the Valleys and bordering the city, is accessible from the footbridge of the Valleys. This footbridge has been made accessible, allowing people with reduced mobility to access the platforms using elevators. The station is open from 6:40 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. Monday to Friday, from 7:10 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.
The train station of Garenne-Colombes located in the Petite-Garenne district and also on the edge of the city, accessible from rue Pierre Brossolette.
(3) Airports: Closest airport to Colombes is Paris Orly Airport (ORY). Distance from Paris Orly Airport to Colombes is 14.2 miles / 22.9 kilometers. Besides, distance from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Colombes is 14.9 miles / 24.0 kilometers.
Sources :https://en.climate-data.org/europe/france/ile-de-france/colombes-8255/
https://www.colombes.fr/transports/bus-tram-et-train-1017.html
https://www.closestairportto.com/city/france/colombes/
III.Economy
Colombes Accounting income in 2018 was 21 597 400 €, or 252 € per inhabitants.
Self-financing capacity in 2018 was 28 409 600 €, or 331 € per inhabitants.
Income: According to Insee, in 2014, the inhabitants of Colombes earn on average € 3 221 net per month, or € 38 654 net per year，higher than the average of France.
Unemployment rate: In 2016, its unemployment rate was 14%, which was much higher than the French average of 11%.
Companies: In 2017, the total number of companies in Colombes was 5 374, and there were 1 221 new companies.
Evolution of average monthly net wages
Sources : http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/colombes/ville-92025/budget
http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/colombes/ville-92025
http://www.journaldunet.com/management/ville/colombes/ville-92025/entreprises
IV.Industrial Characterisitics
Colombes is mainly an industrial suburb. Colombes has attracted high earners and the service industry, being moments from La Défense. Industries include electronics and mechanical and electrical engineering, although the general decline in these industries mean that today they are less important to the regions economy.
As specified in the section devoted to town planning, the Colombian economy is accelerating due to the proximity to La Défense and the restructuring of major axes such as Boulevard Charles-de-Gaulle. Among the large companies established in Colombian territory, we can readily cite Oracle, Snecma, Alcatel Lucent, Areva, Eiffel (a subsidiary of Eiffage), Pepsico, Malakoff Médéric or even Arkema. New arrivals, such as Société Générale (900 employees), or the Free Mobile call center (800 teleoperators) testify to the attractiveness of the Colombian territory for companies.
Tourism: With the decline of industry Colombes has become a popular area to live for those working in Paris. It is also a popular place for tourists wishing to visit Paris, as it is well served with hotels, and it has easy access to central Paris. It is a town with small shops and boutiques, markets everyday except Monday and a reasonable selection of bars and restaurants. There are also museums, including the Musee Municipal d’Arte et d’Histoire, and theatres including the famous L’Avant-Seine.
Mechanical and electrical engineering: Exoligent, created on 01-07-2014, is an engineering company in industrial and scientific IT electronics. It designs and develops products or solutions of high technicality for its customers in the world of the industry and the research. These services or developments are realized at the request of the customer in its premises or directly in those of EXOLIGENT. Address: 390 rue d'Estienne d'Orve,92700 Colombes; website: https://www.exoligent.com/en/
Sources: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombes#Entreprises_et_commerces
V.Attractions
1.Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir
The Top 14 rugby club Racing 92 still uses this 14,000-seater stadium in Colombes for its home matches. Les Ciel et Blanc always compete with the best sides in the division and won the championship in the 2015-16 season.
If you’re in the mood for some first-class rugby this is as good as it gets, as the squad is peppered with internationals like the New Zealander Dan Carter, one of the greatest players of all time.
But the stadium holds a certain mystique too: It hosted all sorts of events, including athletics, at the 1924 Paris Olympics, while it was also the stage for the 1938 World Cup won by an Italian side led by Giuseppe Meazza.
Address: 12 Rue François Faber, 92700 Colombes, France
Source: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/1/
2.Musée Municipal d’Art et d’Histoire
Long before it was a suburb of Paris, Colombes had its own château, occupied by some big historical figures.
One of these was Henrietta Maria, the widow of the English King Charles I who fled here after he was executed by Oliver Cromwell in 1649. This is one of a few Ancien Régime threads you can pull on at Colombes’ local museum.
Then you’ll delve into the 19th and 20th centuries when the area was industrialised and was the base for manufacturers like Ericsson, Goodrich tyres and the perfumer Guerlain. Colombes’ sporting heritage is also revealed in a exhibition recounting the 1924 Olympics.
Address: 2 Rue Gabriel Péri, 92700 Colombes, France
Source: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/2/
3.L’Avant Seine
Built in 1989-1990, this new cultural space opened its doors to the public on January 11, 1991. Designed by architects Fabre, Perrotet and Cattani, the building has eight levels over more than 7,000 m. It has a capacity of 1,360 people. The main room can accommodate 1,000 people in a tiered version. Two levels are for the public, the others are important technical rooms by the original design of the modular room in different configurations, thanks to tables mounted on hydraulic jacks, the heaviest of which exceeds 40 tons, and all the impressive machinery of the ceilings that allow the nine elements of 20 meters long, to descend from 13 meters in height to 1.5 m from the ground. There is also the “stage” part, with a 370 m2 platform, also adjustable by 77 metal structures of 125 × 250 m adjustable every 10 cm up to 2.5 m in height. Access to the stage on one level from the street is a much appreciated comfort for setting up the sets. the building has many equipment such as air conditioning in the lodge, offices and the room cooled by treatment plants of 30,000 and 15,000 m.
A cultural venue Colombes can be proud of, L’Avant Seine is a stylish theatre that opened in 1991. Even 25 years after it was built the 1,000-seater auditorium is state-of-the-art, as its stage sits on hydraulic cylinders and can be adjusted depending on the type of show. The season starts in May and is diverse enough to offer something for all tastes: There’s plays, opera, dance, cinema screenings, music of all descriptions, comedy and magic. You could also just drop by for lunch at the theatre’s sleek restaurant.
Address: 88 Rue Saint-Denis, 92700 Colombes, France
Source: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/3/
4.Ancienne Église Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul
This former church is a French monument historique but and has been a ruin for almost 50 years. It’s a victim of its location, next to a main road that was enlarged in 1968 requiring the nave to be torn down. What’s left now is the bell-tower and a few arches, which have stonework going back to the 1100s. In fact there has been a church here since the early middle ages,and when the road was dug in the 60s workers came across Merovingian burials.
Built to replace an older place of worship, all that remains of this 12th century building is the bell tower and a few bays. In the seventeenth century, the western part of the church was removed to make way for a new road, which would become the national road 186. The nave was built much later than the bell tower, perhaps added as a result of the growth of the village. . The church was transformed many times to be almost completely destroyed in 1968, in order to widen the street. On this occasion, Merovingian sarcophagi were found there. The architectural elements that remain were saved thanks to a group of volunteers. Still others were discovered, as well as human bones, during stabilization work on the bell tower.
Address: 1 boulevard La Croisette, Cannes, France
Source: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/4/
5.Esplanade de La Défense
Unless you’re on a business trip the appeal of La Défense will lie solely in its shopping, modern architecture and avant-garde sculpture. You can get a taste for all of this on the long and broad Esplanade de La Défense, which is like walking on a canyon floor between walls of skyscrapers. If you’re taking it slow you can pause to observe some peculiar pieces of public art, most of which was installed in the 80s and 90s. See Michel Deverne’s Grande Mosaïque and Le Pouce (a massive Bronze thumb) by César Baldaccini. You can also see where La Défense began at the double-shelled, reinforced concrete CNIT building. This dates to 1958 and still as spellbinding as any of the newer structures.
Source: https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-colombes-france/5/
6.Helios Cinema
Formerly called Les 4 Clubs, this cinema built in 1979 is located in the city center of Colombes, opposite the town hall. After two years of renovation work, this complex of 4 cinemas reopened its doors on November 12, 2014 under the name of Hélios. Completely accessible to people with reduced mobility, Hélios offers a diverse program (arthouse films and mainstream films), while regularly organizing debate evenings in the presence of directors, journalists or even film critics, as well as regular events in connection with other local cultural structures.
Thanks to digital technology, the masterpieces of the 7th art are restored and digitized: Hélios offers to discover this incredible heritage one Sunday per month with its program "Les Classiques de L'Hélios". Image education being one of the film's priorities, primary schools, colleges and high schools in Colombes are welcomed every morning to discover films adapted to their age and grade level.
Address: 35 Rue du Bournard, 92700 Colombes, France
Source: https://www.colombes.fr/culture/cinema-l-helios-982.html
VI.History
The name Colombes derives from the Latin word, columna , which means "column". This is believed to be a connection to a megalithic column used in ancient times by Druids, which previously stood in Colombes, or perhaps to the columns of an atrium in a ruined Gallo-Roman villa.
Around Colombes the area is rich with evidence of the Hamlet’s long existence. A sarcophagus discovered in a local Merovingian cemetery is on display at the museum. The town has been associated with Abbey of St-Denis since the 12th century. Around the church are 15th century houses previously occupied by wine growers and peasants, while nearby are the houses of the more affluent middle class merchants. Built at the same time as these houses is the charming bridge of Neuillys.
Colombes is also known for the Stadium, Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, built in 1907. It was the site of the opening ceremony of the 1924 Summer Olympics. Later, in 1938 the arena's capacity was increased to 60,000 for the World Cup.
Sources: https://www.aboutfrenchproperty.com/colombes
VII.Other information
56,000 trees, 20 flower-filled squares that are maintained daily, two parks including one classified as an eco-site, all offering nearly 28 m2 of green space per inhabitant. No less than 248 different varieties of flowers bloom in the city's planters thanks to the good care given to them all year round by the 42 city officials. But they are not alone in contributing to the beautification of the Community. Every year, 6,000 bulbs are planted by the population, all generations combined, and a flower garden and balcony competition encourages everyone to be creative. Classified in the competition of "towns and villages in bloom", the city of Colombes is labeled "three flowers". Beyond its character as an official award, this distinction testifies to an environment favorable to residential and economic attractiveness.
Colombes wins 4 arobases, national label of excellence. With four out of five arobases obtained, the municipality was therefore immediately placed very high in the digital field. The four signs of Colombes will now appear at the entrance to the city and on all communication media in order to show the municipality's wish to "implement a local citizen internet available to everyone, in the general interest".
Sources : https://www.colombes.fr/actualites-23/colombes-en-fleurs-1468.html?cHash=1bca41462811576c42fb2bc7f23467c6
https://www.colombes.fr/actualites-23/colombes-decroche-4-arobases-label-national-dexcellence-1435.html?cHash=4de1cec8dad7d7178f1d1bb7f571af87
VIII.Contact information
Address of Colombes town hall:
Mairie de Colombes
Place de la République
92701 Colombes Cedex
Phone number: 01 47 60 80 00
Fax: 01 47 60 81 96
Email: http://www.colombes.fr/fr/contact/index.html
Website: http://www.mairie-colombes.fr
Mayor : Nicole Goueta (Mandate : 2014-2020)
Sources :http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/92025_Colombes.html#mairie